Gagne's Learning Outcomes and Conditions for Learning

Type of Learning Outcome Critical Learning Conditions

Verbal Information
Stating previous knowledge:
facts, concepts, principles, procedures
1. Draw attention to distinctive features in print or speech.

2. Present information so that it can be made into chunks.

3. Provide a meaningful context for effective encoding of information.

4. Provide cues for effective recall and generalization of information.

Intellectual Skills
Discriminations-Distinguishing objects, features, symbols
Concrete concepts-Identifying classes of concrete objects, features or events
Defined concepts-Classifying new examples of events or ideas by their definition
Rules-Applying a single relationship to solve a class of problems
Higher order rules-Applying a new combination rules to solve a complex problem
1. Call attention to distinctive features.

2. Stay within the limits of working memory.

3. Stimulate the recall of previously learned component skills.

4. Present verbal cues to the ordering or combination of component skills.

5. Schedule occasions for practice and spaced review.

6. Use a variety of contexts to promote transfer.

Cognitive Strategies
Using personal ways to guide learning, thinking, acting and feeling
1. Describe or demonstrate the strategy.

2. Provide a variety of occasions for practice using the strategy.

3. Provide informative feedback as to the creativity or originality of the strategy or outcome.

Attitudes
Choosing personal actions based on internal states of understanding and feeling
1. Establish an expectancy of success associated with the desired attitude.

2. Assure student identification with an admired human model.

3. Arrange for communication or demonstration of choosing personal action.

4. Give feedback for successful performance; or allow observation of feedback in the human model.

Motor Skills
Executing performances involving the use of muscles
1. Present verbal or other guidance to cue the executive subroutine.

2. Arrange repeated practice.

3. Furnish Immediate feedback as to the accuracy of performance.

4. Encourage the use of mental practice.